Employment trends affect Gail Hunter and Selsdon Park hotels Essay Example for Free

Employment trends motivate Gail Hunter and Selsdon putting surface hotels EssayIdentify and describe external and inhering influences that affect human visions planning. In your discussion relate how each factor might affect human resources inwardly your chosen organisation.Selsdon Park HotelIntroduction The economical consumption of a HR manager is to recruit and train bleak employees into a commercial enterprise. The business that I am looking at is Selsdon Park Hotel. One of the main roles of the hr management is to employ people into the compevery. This is called induction training.External influences external influences ar things that affect the human resource manager every sidereal day however things that are out of the human resource managers control. So all this external influences affect the human resource manager which affects the hr planningEconomic temperAt Selsdon Park Hotel the economic climate will change due to some external factors that whitethorn affect the comp any. This may include government laws overture into play, live and many early(a) natural factors. Also within many businesses there is a changing money climate will in addition affect the running of the businesses, the changing money climate would affect the job of Selsdon Park Hotel Resource manager. The changing money climate would affect the HR managers job because of many factors, this include interest rates and training new staff. This could remove to the hotel non having the correct staffing and then the slower running of the business. The stock securities industry could play a part in this. For example in a poor economy many guests would absorb less disposable income. Selsdon Park Hotel with the lost of many of its customer would be making less profit which would lead to reducing non-essential staff. High and low interest rates would also pass an effect on the economic climate which would influence the human resource planning. With higher interest r ates people would make up less disposable income and vice versa.Consumer TrendsMoney within any business would depend on the dispenseing of rooms at Selsdon Park Hotel. There are many factors which affect the consumer trends. This includes the amount of lei undisputable period they customers vex. ofttimes in many the companies the higher your role in that organisation the less lei certain(a) time you chip in. Many companies do tend to aim a bundle of there higher priced holidays at people with bigger disable incomes which include senior managers etc. Also with the introduction of the internet the selling of holidays has increased greatly. or else of people waiting around for hours in live on agencies, it is easier and less hassle to log onto the internet and choose your holidays online. Also you get the best deals on the internet. With the travel agents, they do tend to try and sell you the most expensive holidays but online you can get some great flight deals with Ryan air. This affects the job of the human resource manager because the manager must adjust and adapt to the trends of the consumer. And to adapt to the liking of the consumer the Human Resource manager must make sure that the employees within the business are up to date with new procedures implimented by HR.Employment trendsEmployment trends affect Gail Hunter and Selsdon Park hotels HR department greatly. Many people go for jobs which are seen as popular at the time. For example many students other the summer holidays like to have holiday rep jobs in Europe or would try to find jobs in hotels doing the summer also. This could affect the staff planning of Hail Hunter because there is a lot of disputation in the expanse for hotel staff. These include Croydon Park hotel, Jurys Inn and the Hilton hotel .Selsdon Park Hotel would have to make sure that there positions at waiters look more desirable through there advertizing and job description through the recruitment department.State of the in dustryThe state of the travel and tourism industry affects the job of the Human Resource Manager a lot. This is because if a new resort or destination becomes available for customers to visit the HR manager would have to train thier staff to so they can market the destination to the customers. Also with new technologies the HR manager would have a larger budget and then would be able to employ a larger work force or give out incentives to real employeesSkill paucitysAs in many companies there may be a shortage in the skills needed to do a specific job. This may be because the caller may non be able to find a commensurate applicant and may have to put someone else with similar or non the desired skills in there place. Taking this action may lead to slow running of the company and stress being put on the staff below and on the level of these staff peniss. At Selsdon Park you have to get through specific process to become an employee in the business. Gail Hunter who is Selsdon Park hotels Personnel Manager or Human Resource Manager would have to select applicants and short list them down to the top 50. There are many skills needed. For example to become a Selsdon Park Hotel waiter you must have obtained the surveiling skills firstIdeally you would need to have at least two years experience within this role, preferably within the hotel environment or quality restaurants. You must be a team player with good supervisory skills to enable you to assist in the day to day running of the kitchen and to go through that a first class service is provided to our guests. You will be required to cook to a minimum AA one rosette standard. The hotel has a busy restaurant, enormous banqueting and a successful pub operation. There are a number of requirement that u need to become a member of Selsdon Park hotels staff. These are as follows* Experienced in a customer services environment comfortable in a selling role* physically fit with a good attendance record in your current position* Hard working, flexible willing to operate on a shake up roster* Over 18 years of age* Of normal vision (contact lenses acceptable)* Able to swim salubrious* In possession of a valid EU passport* Fluent in English (both written and spoken)* Ideally possessing knowledge of a second European language* Prepared to work unsociable hours, any day of the year, at any time including weekends* Ready to meet the challenge of dealing with people and demanding situations* Friendly and outgoing with a lively personalityAs you can see from the skills required Selsdon Park hotel ask a lot from people who want to join there team. As the Human resource manager, you would have to go applications and cvs to try and find the best persons for the job who fit the criteria needed. With many applicants who do not have the skills required but who are accept on the job through a interviewing basis may need extra training, and may have to go on training courses. This would groom a slici ng out of Gail hunters Selsdon Park hotels Human Resource managers budget.Location issueThe locations of Selsdon Park hotel may be a problem for the human resource planning for the hotel. This is because of the accessibility of the skilled staff the company needs to the airports are poor. This is when the human resource manager would have to decide carefully the most skilled staff they need for the hotel and how much out of the budget they would have to get. Also with people who live an extremely long way from the hotel there are living quarters on site which they could use.Competition for employeesWhen looking for specific employees needed to do a job in Selsdon Park hotel there may be external competition from other companies to employ this person also. For examples if there is a shortage of waiters companies within Croydon may all try to compete for the same person. These hotels include Croydon Park hotel and juries inn. individually of these hotels will advertise them selves i n such away and would try to make them seem better to work at then the other one. They would try and sell there business to the potential employee. They would mainly do this through advertisement. Selsdon Park also has a website http//www.principal-hotels.com/hotels.asp?hotelid=2pageid=12 which explains jobs available and the pros and benefits of the job.WeatherNatural factors like the weather can also play a big part in the decisions of a HR manager. If the weathers get very serve and spoils the activates they have planned for the day outside it is up to the HR managerLawsAlso there are many laws which affect the role of the Human resource manager. These include laws and regulations that the manager has to go by. When selecting and employing people into the business the HR manager at Selsdon park hotel has to look go by the following laws. This are1 Equal opportunities law2 Race relation act3 Sex Discrimination act4 Equal pay actEach of these acts must be follow by law and if these acts are not followed it could lead to an industrial tribunal. This laws and acts are in place to help the HR manager at Selsdon Park hotel not hinder them. If all this laws are followed correctly the HR manager would select the best person for the position applied regardless of race or sex. congenital FactorsStaff Turn OverWithin an organisation there is a number of staff they employ. In many companies like Selsdon Park Hotel they try to localize the amount of staff persuade over. This is because of the costs that the company would be paying out in redundancies to the employed affected if Selsdon Park hotel does not have a valid reason. Staff turn over is a term used by a business to describe the coming and leaving of people within the company. The higher the staff turn over the more the business would suffer because the coming and leaving of people would use up resources needed by the HR manager and would also affect the businesses productivityResponding to consumer trends in t erms of products and servicesIt is also the job of the human resource manager to respond and cater to the consumer trends in the products and services of a company. In Ryan air they would analysis the best selling product and also see why the other flight packages are not selling. They would look at there flight prices and compare them against other short haul flight providers in Europe.Staff Turner Over, Career MovesStaff turn over is to do with the number of staff leaving and joining a company. It is the job of Selsdon park hotels human resource manager Gail Hunter to make sure they have the lowest amounts of staff turner over. This affects the human resource manager because it is his job to employ people to work in the company who have the honest skills needed to perform the job correctly. Any human resource manager with a large amount of staff leaving and coming into the business would have a lot of work on there hands. This would be because they would have to go through job in terviews and selection processes. Doing all this would take up a lot of the managers time so it is the human resources mangers job to make sure everyone in the company is well catered too, and are also satisfied with there job. unsoundness rates and AbsenteeismHuman resource managers have to monitor the sickness and absenteeism in the company to make sure no one is taking to much time off and also whether to give out sickness pay which if a lot of people are off at one time would take a large slice out of the HR budget. plaqueal structures, staff roles and responsibilitiesIt is the job of Gail Hunter to monitor the organisational structures and staff roles in Selsdon Park hotel. The organisational structure is the structure that controls a company and dictates who you report to and who reports to you. A group of people for example cabin crew are control and overseen by a team leader which in turn reports to customer relations manager. This hierarchy is critical in the business so th at all the employees know there jobs and rolls.LawsThere are lot of laws which Selsdon Park Hotel must follow to make sure of the smooth running of the business. Because Selsdon Park hotel is also a restaurant and serves food they must follow the food prophylactic Act 1990. This act requires that owners and operators of food businesses take all reasonable precautions and exercise due diligence to ensure that they comply in every respect with current food legislation. Another thing which is tied to the food laws is personnel hygiene which when handling food must be very good with long hairs-breadth tied back and also hats worn when preparing food.Source Principal Hotels employee handbookAge of EmployeesAlso the age is a main factor which companies have to be aware of. They cant employ anyone under the age of 16 by law or the company could be prosecuted. Also many companies try not to employ women of a certain age. This is usually 20-30. Companies should not do this but they do becau se women at these ages are more likely to have children. So if a company employs a large amount of women at this age they would have to pay out maternity leave if they have children within this time.Training OrganisationIt is the responsibility of Gail Hunter the Director of Human Resources at Selsdon Park Hotel to make sure all her staffs are trained well. The organisation must make sure the new employee in training noses about hazards and risks within the workplace. It would be the job of the training person to tell the trainee the hazards and risks within the workplace and also to deal with them. These hazards may include1 Torn or ripped carpets2 Broken furniture3 overladen sockets4 Loose flexes5 Trailing cables6 Overloaded tables/shelving7 Spillages8 Broken Glass9 Rubbish accumulatingMost of these hazards seem simple and straight forward but when entering a new workplace the simple list of tasks may seem daunting .Another thing they will teach the new employee would be risk asse ssments. Risk assessments are where hazards are identified and the risk is identified from this hazards. The new employee is also told where the first aid boxes are so that if an accident does happen they can quickly deal with it. In Selsdon Park Hotel the first add boxes are situated1 Housekeeping department2 Kitchen3 Reception4 Room Service5 HR6 Greens department7 The Restaurant8 Conference and Banqueting Vale trySource Principal Hotels employee handbookThe HR and staff are very important to the business. This is because the HR department manage the staff to make sure they are proforming well and that their needs are catered to. It is also the job of the HR department to make sure that all the employees are up to date with all the new legislation and laws implemented to company.Also HR has to make sure that all the employees are trained well. This is so important because when in the eye of the customer the employee has to know what they are doing when taking down bookings and othe r such things. The lack of training could lead to the company loseing large amounts of money and also customers who would look for other organisations. If all staff are trained well and know what they are doing the performance of company is going to be better, and also the employees will feel more confident when dealing with customer service and company situations.

Human Rights and Education

Human Rights and Education1. INTRODUCTIONThe discipline to grooming is a total homo right. any individual, irrespective of race, nationality, gender, heathenish , religion or political preference, age or disability, is entitled to a large-minded elementary education. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall(a) be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made largely available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the instauration of merit.1. Education is a preparation for life it need everyone. Thus, education with human rights is closely related to the right to education. International and regional human rights mentioned in various documents such as resolutions, declaration and conventions emphasize that the knowledge of human rights and should be a priority in education policies. The right to education is one of the most fundamental righ t but as well human rights. Education shall be directed to the full debelopment of the human personality and to the strengtheninng of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promoting understanding, tollerance and friendship among all nations, religious or racial groups, and shall further the activities of the united nations for the mainmaintenance of peace. dodge 26(2), UDHR Art 13(1), ICESCR Art 7, CERD Art 29(1), CRC Art 25, ACHPR Art 13(2), ESCR protocole to ACHR2The right to education is recognized as a human right and is understood to establish an entitlement to free, compulsory indigenous education for all shaverren, and its obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all children, as well as sincere access to higer education, and a responsibility to provide fundamental education for individuals who have not completed primary education. In addition to these access to education pro piles the right to education encompasses also the obligat ion to negociate discrimination at every levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality of education.2. FULFILLMENT THE RIGHT TO EDUCATIONThe right to education has a specific value as its enables people to increase their chances and knowledge to having their others right fullfilled. Every persons shall be able to benefit from educational opportunities desired to meet their basic learning needs.2.1 AVAILABILITYEducation should be free to all, minimum the primary education and fundamental level. Every organization should build enough schools to guarantee that everybody should be educated. They should be provide all the books and materials for free. The primary education should be compulsory and higher education should be available.2.2 ACCESSIBILITYEvery educational institute should be accessible for everybody. Nobody can be discriminated on basis of race, sex, color, religion, immigration status, economic status, language and also ethnic. The sc hool should be safe to attend and should be probable distance from the community. Education should be affordable to all, with textbooks, supplies and uniforms provided to students at no extra costs. Higher education shall be made equally accessible for all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, in particular by the progressive introduction of free education.2.3 ACCEPTABILITYThe learning method of schools should be acceptable to the kindle for their children and they should fulfill national norms that be set by the government also should be provide the quality educations.2.4 ADAPTABILITYAdaptability means education has to be flexible and easy. It promotes equitable outcomes for all learners and it can respond to the diverse needs of students. The educations shoul be adaptable and the educational process should be easy to all, and this educational program should be adaptable to all the people.ImplementationInternational law does not protect the right to pre-primary education and international documents generally omit references to education at this level.19 The Universal closure of Human Rights states that everybody has the right to education, hence the right accures to all individuals, although children are understood as the main beneficiaries.20The rights to education are separated into three levelsPrimary (Elemental or Fundamental) Education. This shall be compulsory and free for any child regardless of their nationality, gender, place of birth, or any other discrimination. Upon ratifying the International Covenant on Economic, Social and ethnical Rights States must provide free primary education within two years.Secondary (or Elementary, Technical and Professional in the UDHR) Education must be generally available and accessible.Higher Education (at the University Level) should be provided according to capacity. That is, anyone who meets the necessary education standards should be able to go to university.Both secondary and higher educat ion shall be made accessible by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education.21 The only country that has declared reservations closely introducing free secondary or higher education is Japan.223. HUMAN RIGHTS AND EDUCATIONEvery child, youth, man and women has the human right to educations, training and information and also fundamental rights dependent upon realization of human rights prospective to human rights educations.The States Parties recognize the right of everyone to education. Education shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among racial, ethnic or religious groups. Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all Secondary education including technical and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all. Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all.3Every government have to fo rce to childrens parent to send their child to school, at least primary education. Education should be free for all and every government are bound to provide this. The state are encourage to our society for human rights educations.4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATIONToday education is the most crucial human rights, we need to develop this right and also we have to thik about the education trainer or teacher for quality educations. We have to proper implimentation on human right convention, for serve the right to education. Today educations is the one of the most important function of the state.States Parties agree that the education of the child shall be directed to(a) The schooling of the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential(b) The festering of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations(c) The development of respect for the childs parents, his or her own cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child is living, the country from which he or she may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her own(d) The preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groups and persons of indigenous origin(e) The development of respect for the natural environment.45. CONCLUSIONEducation is the deepest foundation of the modern human right, and education for all and as a human rights education. Today the main vision is education for all an equal right for all to an education directed at personal desire and self development for our society and country also we need to make sure life long education for all, and for the every different society. Every state are bound to provide minimum primary education. This primary education had a rela tively clear interpretation in most state from the time has been the universal declaration of human rights was proclaimed. The international declarations, resoulations and conventions are emphasize that the knowledge of human rights should be a priority in educationa policies.

The Interaction Between The Tangible And Intangible Economics Essay

The Int geological eraction Between The visible And nonphysical Economics EssayIntroductionAssets is one of the most controversial opinion in fiscal accounting. The historical accounting scientist are trying to hold in it a satisfactory definition of the assets, and so far, an authoritative, academics and practitioners are accepted definition, has not yet appeared. The resources formed from past transactions or events by initiatives owned or controlled, and the resource be expected to bring stinting interests to enterprises which is called assets. Classified gibe to different criteria, assets can be divided into different categories. In accordance with the length of the consumption period, can be divided into ongoing assets and long-term assets jibe to the specific form, Long-term assets can as well as be further classified, according to whether the strong-arm form, can be divided into distinct and impalp commensurate assets.Tangible AssetsTangible ResourcesFinancial Fir ms cash account and cash equivalentsFirms capacity to raise equityFirms borro come alongg capacityPhysical Modern plan and facilitiesFavorable manufacturing locationsState of the fine art machinery and equipmentTechnological Trade secretsInnovative labor processesPatents copy pays trademarksOrganizational Effective strategic planning processExcellent evaluation and control systemsSource (Strategic Brand instruction 2003)Assets that are relatively easy to identify are called tactual resources. they include the physical and financial assets that an organization habituate ups to create value for its customers. Among them are financial resources (e.g. a firms cash and accounts receivables as well as its ability to borrow funds) physical resources (e.g. the companys plant equipment and machinery as well as its proximity to customers and suppliers) many firms are finding that risquetech .computerized training has dual Benefits it develops more effective employees and reduces cost at the same time ( J.B. 1991)A tangible asset is the physical form of assets, including fixed assets and current assets, tangible assets consist primarily of housing, machinery, equipment, and other forms of assets. Narrow sense of tangible assets usually refers to fixed assets and liquidity. Generalized tangible asset including funds, resources, products, equipment, apparatus, plant, personnel information, including all the factors of takings. by and large speaking, the tangible asset is the assets of a certain kind of form. (Jobber. 2012)Existing assets to the specific material and product form, including the production of tangible assets and non-produced tangible assets. Production of tangible assets is the production activities to create assets tangible non-produced assets are natural assets without production achieved. Production of tangible assets, including tangible fixed assets, inventory (stock) and precious items . Tangible fixed assets, that is including residential, h ouses and buildings, machinery and equipment, raw materials and supplies, on the move, that is finished goods, and resell the goods Non-production of tangible assets include land resource, uncultivated biological resources and water resources.(Wilson. 2005) Tangible assets can be further divided into physical and financial assets. Physical asset is the value in use of the holding or material. Financial asset is the currency and securities.The value of the tangible assets created by its physical nature, that is, prone the value of tangible assets by tangible, physical and visual factors. The value of the tangible assets from its material characteristics, their property rights are intangible asset, but it comes from their material characteristics.Intangible AssetsIntangible Resourcesmilitary personnel Experience and capabilities of employeesTrustManagerial skillsFirm specific practices and proceduresInnovation Technical and scientific skillsInnovation capacitiesReputation Brand nam eReputation with customers for quality and reliabilityReputation with suppliers for fairness, non-zero-sumrelationshipsSource (Strategic Brand Management 2003)Much more difficult for competitors and for that matter . A firms own managers to account for or imitate are intangible resources .which are typically embedded in unique routines and practices that have evolved and accumulated over time .these include human resources (e.g. experience and capability of employees, trust ,effectiveness of furbish up believe teams, managerial skills ),innovation resources (e.g., Technical and scientific expertise ,ideas and reputation resources (e.g. shuffling name ,reputation with suppliers for fairness and with customers for reliability ,and product quality . a firms culture may also be a resource that supports combative advantage. (.Barney.1991)Intangible assets refer to enterprises for the production of goods or rendering of services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and holds a long-term, non-monetary asset without physical form.Generalized intangible assets including financial assets, long-term equity investments, patents, trademarks, etc., because they do not have a material entity, but the performance of some kind of sub judice rights or technology.Intangible assets including patents, technology, brands, copyrights and royalties, the use of the land . Intangible assets can be divided into identifiable and non-identifiable intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets, that is including patents, proprietary technology, brands, land use rights and concessions,. Intangible assets following conditions are satisfied at the same time, in order to be recognized .The intangible assets related to the economical benefits are seeming to flow to the enterprise the cost of the intangible asset can be measured reliably.( Ghemawat.1991)Role of intangible AssetsUse of intangible assets as security for loans ( much(prenominal) as trademarks, patents, copyrights, equity pledge registration as security for loans), commercial registration, maturation investment, equity participation, shareholders funded immaterial property, license to use, transfer, lease contract, liquidation auctionIncrease brand awareness, show the strength of enterprises, enhance cohesion, brand image(Jorissen. 2007)The enterprises operating intangible assets with international standards, and then enter the international market Protection of intellectual property rights claims is based requires companies to crack down on counterfeit products, infringement and litigation .Through the evaluation of Intangible assets, the business of the inventory can be completed to provide the management information to operators thus reasonable allocation of resources.Project financing, joint venture, merger, acquisition, attract investment, investment in intangible assets, investment, Intangible assets is the warmheartedness attraction of immaterial investment such as commer cial brand, corporate profitability, sales, channels, personnel , etc.Intangible assets capital to invest in shares can bring many benefits for the enterprise. outset of all, can ease the difficulties of registered capital and increase investment. Some people want to start a business, because of lack of funds to run the new company, can use intangible assets as part of the of registered capital to be registered, especially in some high tech enterprise, especially The number of enterprises registered capital is too low, giving the marketing difficulties, want to increase the registered capital, but the lack of funds, then can use the immaterial property investment shares to overcome this difficulty.( Gregory 2003)In the era of the industrial economy, the economic growth is mainly dependent on the plant, equipment, funds, and in the era of intimacy economy, patents, proprietary technology, trademarks, goodwill, information, computer software and other Intangible assets of innovatio n and sustainable instruction of economic growth play a decisive role.Intangible assets unlike land, buildings, machinery and equipment as a specific physical form in front of people, but in the era of fellowship economy, it does play a role can not be ignored for the sustainable development of enterprises.In the era of familiarity economy, the process of economic globoseization in further exacerbated, it should be recognized that there is a process of continuous improvement of the spot and role of intangible assets, when the progressively competitive market, the more complex the business activities, intangible assets continues to increase, while its status and role of the more trend in the core, so that the number of high-tech enterprises are facing the danger instance to be suspended because of the loss of Intangible assets and can not sell their products.( Wilson, D. 2005)Role of intangible assets in fast-paced Technology MarketIn the day-to-day purchasing behavior, will y ou confused with a wide variety, all kinds of brand? And do not know how to make your decisions? What are the determinists to help you to choose goods finally? Of course, we want to buy the most cost-effective products, imagine that, we can not get them to try one by one, we will proceed from experience to choose reputable manufacturers and the well-known brands. In our selection process, in fact these Intangible assets play a role in the process. It has a strong appeal and influence, sometimes forcing us to make not entirely rational choice, wonderful role of the brand is to be able to win the goodwill of consumers to obtain the trust of consumers, which products sold, win opportunities to make goods in an invincible position in the competition for a long time.( Riezebos.2003)In the context of the era of knowledge economy, the value of Intangible assets can be much higher than the tangible assets, because the value of the tangible assets, after all is limited, while the value of In tangible assets can be unlimited200 brand value rankings released by the United States in November 2003, Coca-Cola topped the brand value of up to $ 70.45 billion, which strong value of intangible assets is evident. No wonder the boss of the Coca-Cola Company said Even now, all the property of the Coca-Cola was burned, we still can dominate the humankind with this brand again. This is the brands equity and also is the proponent of intangible assets. This kind of self-confidence and competitive advantage also reflected in other international brands. For example, Intangible assets and tangible assets ratio of 70% versus 30% independently in the domain of a function famous Microsoft, It can be predicted that the proportion of Intangible assets will continue to expand in the future of the companys new assets. The United States has been able to occupy a dominant position for a long in the world, relying on its powerful economic force, In fact, that is expanding the tremendous power o f intangible assets which include in enterprises and products. (Saudagaran. 2001) Intangible assets growth with the support of modern marketing tools and modern technology means, its speed can be much higher than the growth of the tangible assets of the enterprise, which means giving enterprises more excess profits.Let us look at the following data In the high-tech is widely used in the United States, the research and development expenses of non-financial firms as a percentage of GDP, rose from an average of 2.2% in 1980-1989 to an average of 2.9% in 1990-1997, The proportion of investment in the world in tangible assets fell to 14.1%. At the same time, the S P five hundred index reflects the market value of the main American. The companies index from 135.76 points in 1980 raised to 1342.62 points on November 20, 2000, an increase of nearly 1O times. This shows that intangible assets play an increasingly important role in the creation of enterprise value.The interaction between the tangible and intangible assetsIn addition, stir up tangible assets with intangible assets, is the best way for low-cost expansion, the greatest advantage is to avoid repeated investment and redundant development. It is crucial for the adjustment of economic structure, provoke the virtuous circle of the whole national economy.Haier as the number one of Chinese home appliance brand, one of the features of the expansion is to make an activation of tangible assets with intangible assets, which is written into textbook as classic case of Harvard Business School. (Itami..1987)Before Haier mergers Qingdao Red Star Electric Appliance Factory, total assets of 400 cardinal Yuan, while total liabilities amounted over to 500 jillion, 133 million insolvent, and the debt ratio up to 140%. After taken over by Haier Group, it was reorganized as Haier race Machine Corporation, and directed to employees with a series of management concepts, these ideas like an invisible hand united the almost d efeated team and elevated to an orderly, self-discipline, quick job status, burst out of powerful life and been enable enterprises to gain the extraordinary development made up the deficits and get surpluses in three months, profit $ 1.5 million in the fifth month, passed certification of the IS09001 international quality system in the Second year, won Chinese washing machine Top 10 Brands, consumers obtain preferred brand, etc market share has risen to 22% of 100 large shopping malls in the country at the end of 1996, It rose to 28.31% the first half(a) of 1997, five percentage higher than the second. The International market share is far ahead of other brand in China, the number of Automatic washing machines exported to japan has been accounted 95% of total exports, accounting of 61% total imports of Japan On this basis, Haier Washing machine merger the Guangdong Shunde washing machine factory again as an investment holding company brand in May 1997, after that set up Shunde Ha ier Electric Company and resume production within twain months, created people are even saying so terrible Haier speed September 1997 in cooperation with West Lake in Hangzhou, Haier take advantage of value of intangible assets, set up the Haier Holdings Electric Company Hangzhou without invest a penny and successfully developed a series of TV with Haier brand. (Field, A . 2005)In June 2001, the Haier Groups acquired global line of credit of ccc million U.S. dollars from the Bank of China, This is the bank of China the first and the only time to give China enterprise a global credit in China. With the global credit of Bank of China, Haier financing approval procedures will be greatly simplified, the domestic and foreign investment projects within 300 million US dollars will be more rapid and timely service In addition, the Bank of China branches and agencies around the world will give Haier Group worldwide localization financing to facilitate. Haier brand value there are 74.9 bill ion Yuan in 2006, equivalent to nearly $ 10 billion. The value created by a brand is far beyond than several generation of peoples hard work. Haier could not successfully obtain such wholesale funding without such huge brand effect of Haier.Trends of Intangible assetsIntangible assets can bring huge profits for the enterprise, profit has a powerful allure and penetrating power, right here only cited one case to illustrate this. Lets look at the World Brand Lab recently announced 2008 World Brand 500 Harvard University ranked first Coca-Cola second in the world Citibank ranked third in the world Google ranked fourth Mercedes-Benz the worlds fifth Wal-Mart the world rankings sixth Microsoft the world ranked seventh McDonald ranked eighth in the world International business opportunities ranked ninth in the world Apple Computer the worlds tenth. These initiatory brands, its brand value is amazing, Coca-Cola reached $ 55 billion, the highest IBM brand value of $ 59 billion, Go ogles $ 25.5 billion in 2005 alone. (Selam Nuri 2012).With the extensive use of knowledge, technology and information in the social production and life, the human social economic form gradually changed from the agricultural and industrial to knowledge industries. (Gu. F. and Lev, B .2002).The 21st century is the era of the knowledge economy (Knowledge Economy), the knowledge economy is an economic form based on knowledge resources, its significant characteristics Knowledge intensive technology as the foundation of the knowledge manufacture or new and high technology industries, has become the core of the entire industry, it is the major driving force for a country to obtain a long-term competitive advantage and sustainable socio-economic growth boosters. The arrival of the knowledge economy is a result of the development of high-tech industries, on preliminary information developed countries in the world, their computers, electronics, and aerospace and other high-tech industrial ou tput and employment growth is the fastest. High-tech enterprise intangible assets accounted is bigger for the proportion of total assets in comparison with the tralatitious enterprise The high-tech enterprises are typical of knowledge and intellectual support enterprises, it has a high quality of intangible assets as a prerequisite, rich in scientific and technological content of its products are technically complex, a high degree of innovation, the short lifetime of the product guide the demand characteristics.Currently, many U.S. high technology enterprise intangible assets has more than 60% of total assets. In the Microsoft does not have raw materials, plant and equipment on a large scale, It has a main resource is the wisdom of the people, have the product is in the floppy disk and the floppy disk that contains knowledge. Although Microsoft does not have the characteristics of the traditional large enterprises on the surface, but its enterprise value is more than General Motors Corporation in the United States and other giant enterprises, become a truly high-tech industry giant, the only one reason is that Microsoft has a huge amount of intangible assets.The economic benefits of Knowledge which created by intangible assets has constituted the main body of the economic benefits of high-tech enterprises. In summary, there is no new and high technology enterprise without these invisible assets. (Gunnar Hedlund.2012.)ConclusionThe assets are the most important economic resources of an enterprise. down the stairs conventional economic conditions, tangible assets relative to intangible assets in a more scarce position, the knowledge contained in the companys products and technology content is not high, the core position in the competition tangible assets rather than intangible assets In the era of knowledge economy, the role and status of intangible assets is rising, intangible assets play an increasingly important role in the economic development, competition among enterprises has evolved into a competition intangible assets such as knowledge, technology, management ability and innovation ability. Intangible assets of the enterprise is becoming a key element in the survival and development of enterprises, it is an important value source of enterprise. Especially in the high-tech enterprises, the crystallization of the knowledge and wisdom of the patent, patented technology, goodwill, trademarks, research and development, franchise and other intangible assets have gradually become the most important resource instead of tangible assets. For erudition and technology as the core of the high-tech enterprises, its asset structure is different from the general characteristics of enterprises that intangible assets in a larger proportion of total assets, in other words, value creation of high-tech enterprises will mainly depend on intangible assets, thereby intangible assets has a more important center in the high-tech enterprises.( Keller.200 3)A large number of foreign findings show that the intangible assets of the value of the enterprise to create an important role and can make a significant contribution there is a strong correlation between the value of intangible assets and the companys market intangible assets information disclosure status will affect the development of the capital market, the investors investment income and business growth.Be seen from the above intangible assets so important for businesses this trend has been vividly interpreted by Larry Wright whos the famous Brand strategy experts in American. Owns the market more important than having the factory, and the only way to have a market is to have the brand as intangible as the core which is dominant in the market.

Computer Forensics Investigation and Techniques

Computer rhetoricals Investigation and Techniques originationI am the educatee of International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies (IADCS). In this dustup, I obligate to do Compute Forensic fitting. The assignment title is Didsbury Mobile Entertainments LTD. This assignment helps me understanding estimator forensics investigation and techniques in the lead this assignment, although I am interested in calculator forensic, I am hardly utilise computer forensics toolkit or d hotshot both investigation. Because of this assignment, I have learnt m whatever techniques how to tin crumbvass computer and done it practic either toldy. So, by doing this assignment, I have gained in practical and much priceless be intimateledge in Computer Forensics.nd a heartfelt thanks to all the people in Myanma Computer Company Ltd. for their warmly welcome during the period of the IADCS course and this assignment developed.Task 1i) depictDIDSBURY MOBILE ENTERTAINMENTS LTDNo(5), Duku place, Singapore Jan 10, 2010IntroductionComputer forensics involves obtaining and analyzing digital randomness for figuring out what happened, when it happened, how it happened and who was involved. What is more, it is use as demonstration in civil, criminal, or administrative cases.Reasons for a motive for computer forensic investigationComputer forensics investigation croupe recollect thousands of deleted mails, do-nothing know when the substance abuser log into the trunk and what he does, can consider the motivation and intent of the user, can search light uponwords in a hard scram in contrastive languages and can gain usher against an employee that an validation wished to terminate. For these reasons, in order to know whether Jalitha has been sp polish her time on her friend business or not, we need a computer forensic investigation.Steps to hire the investigationIn order to pursue the investigation, I would take the following steps1) Secure the computer agreement to ensure that the equipment and in fix upion are dependable2) Find every level a mood on the computer dodge, including institutionalises that are encrypted, protected by passwords, hidden or deleted, but not yet overwritten.3) Copy all commits and work on this write commoves as accessing a buck can diverge its master take to be4) come forth a detailed journal with the time and time and date/in bodation discovered5) Collect electronic mail, DNS, and other network service logs6) Analyze with various computer forensics tools and software7) Print out an overall analysis8) Evaluating the information/ information deducted to determine the case induction subsequently we know the reasons and steps for investigation, and so we should move on to conduct the investigation. However, we should agate line that the origin step of investigation is critical as if the frame is not secure, consequently the indorse or entropy we found may not be admissible.ii a) cover up fo r The procedures to make sure the order holds up in courtDIDSBURY MOBILE ENTERTAINMENTS LTDNo(5), Duku place, SingaporeJan 12, 2010IntroductionEvidence is any physical or electronic information (such(prenominal) as computer log reads, selective information, lines, hardware, dish antenna meet, etc) that is collected during a computer forensic investigation. The use of gathering endorse is to help determine the source of the attack, and to introduce the evidence as testimony in a court of legality.Procedures to make sure the evidence holds up in courtIn order to make the evidence admissible in court, we need to follow the following steps1) in advance any evidence can be gathered, a warrant must be issued so that forensic specialist has the legal authority to seize, copy and examine the information2) Have the responsibility to ensure that the law and the principles we used are met3) Evidence must be obtained in a manner which ensures the au henceticity and validity and that n o tampering had taken place4) bring in the chain of custody is es displaceial for preparing evidence as it shows the evidence was collected from the system in question, and was stored and managed without alteration.5) Extracted/ relevant evidence is properly suitcased and protected from later robotic or electromagnetic damage6) Preventing viruses from being introduced to a computer during the analysis knead7) To ensure that original evidence must be described in tell apart details to pre displace reliable evidence on the court8) Must arrange to answer dependableness questions relating to the software we have usedConclusionIn gathering evidence, authenticity, reliability and chain of custody are important aspects to be considered. By following the above steps, we are proper in handling the evidence holds up in court.ii b) Evidence formDidsbury Mobile Entertainments LtdIT DepartmentComputer Investigation occurrence No.005Investigation Organization gilt StarInvestigatorWin Pa Pa AyeNature of CaseCompanys policy violation case side where evidence was obtainedOn suspects office desk exposition of evidenceVendor NameModel No./ Serial No.Item 1One CDSonyItem 2A 4GB fool memory deviceKingston05360-374.A00LFItem 3Evidence Recovered byWin Pa Pa Aye understand Time10.12.20091000 AMEvidence Placed in LockerE2419Date Time15.12.20091100 AMItem Evidence polished byDescription of EvidenceDate/ Time1Win Pa Pa AyeFully recovered deleted email on the drive which is sent to Radasas company, including selective information exchange amidst the businesses.13.12.2009300 PM2Win Pa Pa AyeEncrypted document hidden inside a bitmap appoint. Decrypted and protected on another media.18.12.2009900 AM3Win Pa Pa AyePassword-protected document covering the exchange of information with her friend. Password mark offed and turn on carry ond on another media.22.12.2009200 PMTask 2Report for the way the data is stored, upsurge confinements and broach up projections for Windo ws and Linux systemsTo effectively investigate computer evidence, we must understand how the nigh popular in operation(p) systems work in general and how they store accuses in particular. The type of file system an in operation(p) system uses determines how data is stored on the disk. The file system is the general name given to the logical structures and software routines used to rule access to the storage on a hard disk system and it is usually related to an operational system. To know the way the data is stored in Windows XP and Linux, we need to get into file systems of Windows and Linux.The way the data is stored in Windows XPIn Windows XP, although it confines several(prenominal) different file systems, NTFS is the primary file system for Windows XP. So, we will have a look in NTFS as the NTFS system offers better performance and features than a FAT16 and FAT 32 system.NTFS divides all useful places into clusters and supports almost all surfaces of clusters from 512 b ytes up to 64 Kbytes. And NTFS disk is symbolically shared out up into two parts MFT (Master File Table) part and files storage area. The MFT consumes to the highest degree 12% of the disk and contains information about all files located on the disk. This includes the system file used by the operate system. MFT is divided into records of the fixed size (usually 1 Kbytes), and each record corresponds to some file. Records within the MFT are referred to as meta-data and the prototypic 16 records are reserved for system files. For reliability, the first three records of MFT file is copied and stored exactly in the middle of the disk and the be can be stored anyplace of the disk. The remaining 88% of disk space is for file storage. Below is the partition structure of NTFS system.After we know the file system of Windows XP, then we will move on to the file system of Linux.The way the data is stored in LinuxWhen it comes to Linux file system, ext2 has been the nonpayment file syst em as it main advantages is its speed and extremely robust. However, there is a risk of data loss when sharp crashes occur and take long time to recover. Sometimes the recovery may as well end up with twist around files. By using the advantage of ext2 and make for some data loss protection and recovery speed led to the development of journaling file system ext3 and ReiserFs. though ext2, ext3 and ReiserFs are the most popular file system, there are also some other file system used in the Linux world such as JSF and XFS.As Linux pictures all file systems from the perspective of a common set of objects, there are four objects superblock, inode, dentry and file. The superblock is a structure that represents a file system which includes vital information about the system. Moreover, it includes the file system name (such as ext2), the size of the file system and its state, a reference to the block device, and meta-data information. It also keeps track of all the nodes. Linux keep s multiple copies of the superblock in various locations on the disk to prevent losing such vital information.Every object that is managed within a file system (file or directory) is represented in Linux as an inode. The inode contains all the meta-data to manage objects in the file system. Another set of structures, called dentries, is used to translate between names and inodes, for which a directory cache exists to keep the most-recently used around. The dentry also maintains relationships between directories and files for traversing file systems. Finally, a VFS (Virtual file system) file represents an open file (keeps state for the open file such as the write offset, and so on).While the majority of the file system code exists in the shopping centre (except for user-space file systems), (2.3) shows the Linux file system from the point of view of high-level architecture and the relationships between the major file system-related components in both user space and the kernel.The bursting charge task and start up task of Windows XPA good understanding of what happens to disk data at inauguration is also an important aspect as accessing to a computer system aft(prenominal)wardwards it was used for illicit reasons can alter the disk evidence. First, we will discuss about the Windows XP startup and boot adjoin, and then shift into the startup and boot fulfil of Linux.Like any other PC system, Windows XP startup by running the POST test, performing an initialization of its intelligent system devices, and performing a system boot process. The boot process startles when the BIOS starts flavour through the system for a master boot record (MBR). This record can reside on drive C or at any other location in the system. When the BIOS execute the master boot record on the hard drive, the MBR examines the disks partition put off to locate the active partition. The boot process then moves to the boot sector of that partition located in the first sector of the act ive partition. in that respect, it finds the code to begin loading the Secondary Bootstrap loader from the root directory of the boot drive.In NTFS partition, the bootstrap loader is named NTLDR and is responsible for loading XP operation system into memory. When the system is supply on, NTLDR reads the Boot.ini file. If boot.ini contains more than one operating system entry, a boot menu is displayed to the user, bequeathing the user to choose which operating system is to be loaded. design (2.4) shows Boot.ini contains two operating systems and allows user to choose.After the user has selected the desire mode to boot to, NTLDR runs Ntoskrnl.exe and reads Bootvid.dll, Hal.dll and the startup device drivers. After the file system driver has loaded, control is then passed from NTLDR to the kernel. At this time, Windows XP display Windows logo.Virtually, all applications we installed using the default installation decide that they should start up when windows starts. Under Startup tab in the system configuration improvement, a list of programs that run when our system boots is listed. Fig (2.6) shows the listed program when our system boots.The boot task and start up task of LinuxAfter we have get into the start up process of Windows XP, we will then shift into the startup process of Linux. In Linux, the flow of control during a boot is also from BIOS, to boot loader, to kernel. When you writhe on the power, the BIOS perform hardware-platform specific startup tasks. Once the hardware is recognized and started correctly, the BIOS loads and executes the partition boot code from the designated boot device, which contains Linux boot loader.Linux Loader (LILO) is the Linux expediency that initiates the boot process, which usually runs from the disks MBR. LILO is a boot manager that allows you to start Linux or other operating systems, including Windows. If a system has two or more operating systems, LILO gives a prompt asking which operating system the user w ishes to initialize.When the user chooses the boot option, it then loads the choosing operating system into memory. The boot program, in turn, reads the kernel into memory. When the kernel is loaded, the boot program transfers control of the boot process to the kernel. The kernel then performs the majority of system setup (memory management, device initialization) before spawning separately, the idle process and scheduler and the init process which is executed in user space. The scheduler takes control of the system management. The init process executes scripts as needed that set up all non-operating system services and structures in order to allow a user environment to be created, and then presents the user with a login screen.We have described about the way the data stored, the boot task and startup task of Windows XP and Linux. After a thorough study of these areas, we can acquire or handle the evidence properly.Task 3a) Features comparison of inclose, Access entropys Forensic and ProDiscoverFeatures of Guidance encase Forensic* In courts worldwide, forensically acquire data in a sound manner using software with an unparallel record* victimisation a star tool and investigate and analyze multiple platforms* With prebuilt EnScript modules such as initialized Case and Event Log analysis, it can change complex and routine tasks, so it save time in analyzing* Find information despite efforts to hide, cloak or delete* Can easily handle large volumes of computer evidence, view all relevant files that includes deleted files, file slack and unallocated space* Directly transfer evidence files to law enforcement or legal representatives as necessary* implicate review options that allow non-investigators to review evidence easily* Include report options that enable quick report preparationFeatures of Access Datas Forensic Toolkit* Provides compound solution that is no need to purchase multiple tools to complete a case.* Provides integrated database that avoid application crashes, lost work and product instability.* tell encrypted files automatically from more than 80 applications and crack those files.* deports international language that allows us easily search and view foreign-language data in our native format* Include email analysis that can recover and analyze a wide range of email and web mail formats* Can generate different industry-standard report formats quickly and concisely* Collect key information from the registry that include user information, date of application installed, hardware, time zone and recently used information* While processing takes place, we can view and analyze dataFeatures of ProDiscover* To keep original evidence safe, it create bit-stream copy of disk for analyzing that includes hidden HPA section* For complete disk forensic analysis, it search files or entire disk including slack space, HPA section and Windows NT/2000/XP alternate data streams* Without alter data on the disk, it can laggard all files including metadata and hidden or deleted files* Support for VMware to run a captured catch.* In order to ensure nothing is hidden, it examine data at the file or cluster level* To prove data integrity, it can generate and record MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 haschischishes automatically.* Examine FAT12, FAT16, FAT 32 and all NTFS file systems including Dynamic Disk and software RAID for maximum flexibility.* Examine sunniness Solaris UFS file system and Linux ext2 / ext3 file systems.* Integrated thumbnail graphics, internet history, event log file, and registry viewers to facilitate investigation process.* Integrated viewer to examine .pst /.ost and .dbx email files.* Utilize Perl scripts to automate investigation tasks.* Extracts EXIF information from JPEG files to identify file creators.* Automated report generation in XML format saves time, improves accuracy and compatibility.* GUI interface and integrated help function assure quick start and ease of use.* Designed to NIST Disk Imag ing Tool specification 3.1.6 to insure high quality.AccessData FTK v2.0Guidance EnCase Forensic 6.0ProDiscover ForensicReport for Choosing Access Datas Forensic ToolkitI think Access Datas Forensic Toolkit is the most practiced for our lab as it provides more forensic examination features than Encase and ProDiscover. In the evidence aspects, Access Data can acquire files and folders than others. So, it can be a powerful tool when we analyze files for evidence. Moreover, it uses database to support large volume of data that can avoid application crashes, lost work and product instability for our lab.As Access Data is a GUI-based utility that can run in Windows XP, 2000, Me, or 9x operating system and it demo version has most of the same features as full-licensed version, use multi-threading to optimize CPU usage, has task scheduler to optimize time and can view and analyze data while processing takes place, it meets the requirements of our lab. What is more, it supports internation al language so we can retrieve data no matter which languages they are using.On top of that, it is powerful in searching, recovery, email and graphic analysis. Because of these reasons and by viewing the above forensic tools comparison chart, I can conclude that Access Datas Forensic Toolkit is the most beneficial for our lab.b) Forensic AnalysisReport for Analyzing FAT32, NTFS and CDFS file system Using Access Datas FTKTask 4a) MD5 hashish set of bmp, doc, xls filesAll hash set generated by the MD5 before modification is not the same with the hash value generated after(prenominal) modification.b) Why hash values are same or differentA hash value is a numeric value of a fixed length that uniquely identifies data. Data can be compared to a hash value to determine its integrity. Data is hashed and the hash value is stored. At a later time or after the data has been received from mail, the data is hashed again and compared to the stored hash or the hash value it was sent to determ ine whether the data was altered.In order to compare the hash values, the original hashed data must be encrypted or kept secret from all untrusted parties. When it compared, if the compared hashed values are the same, then the data has not been altered. If the file has been limited or corrupted, the MD5 produces different hash values.In task 4 (a), first we created a doc file with data in this file, then we generated hash values of doc file with MD5. The hash value of info.doc file is da5fd802f47c9b5bbdced35b9a1202e6. After that, we made a modification to that info.doc file and repair the hash values. The hash value after modifying is 01f8b minimal brain damage9846f32a79a5055bfe98adeb. The hash value is solely different after modifying.Then we created a cv.xls file and generated the hash value. Before modifying, the hash value is ef9bbfeec4d8e455b749447377a5e84f. After that we add one record to cv.xls file and regenerated hash values. After modifying, ccfee18e1e713cdd2fcf565298928 673 hash value is produced. The hash value changed in cv.xls file after data altered.Furthermore, we created fruit.bmp file to compare the hash value before and after modification. The hash value before modifying is 8d06bdfe03df83bb3942ce71daca3888 and after modifying is 667d82f0545f0d187dfa0227ea2c7ff6. So, the hash values comparison of bmp files is completely different after data has been modified.When we encrypted the textbook file into each paradigm file, the text file is not visible in the realize viewing utility and each cooking stove file is want its original image file. However, the comparison of the hash values of each image file before and after inserting piddling subjects is completely different. As each image file has been altered by inserting short gist, the regenerated hash value is totally different from the original hash values.On top of that, the original image file size has been changed after inserting short messages. The raster image file has slightly incre ased its file size after it has been modified. The raster image file size is increased from 50.5 KB to 50.7 KB. However, of the remaining three, two image files transmitter and metafile have decreased its file size a little sharply. The original file size of transmitter is 266 KB and has been decreased to 200 KB after modified. The metafile also decreased from 313 KB to 156 KB. Only the bitmap is dust invariable as its file size does not increase or decrease.In a nut shell, we can conclude that the hash value would change if the file has been modified. However, depending on the file format, the file size can increase, decrease or remain stable.d) Report for differences of bitmap, raster, vector and metafileA bitmap image is a computer file and it is collected with dots or pels that form an image. The pixel of bitmap is stored like a grid, tiny square. When we use the paint program, we can see the bitmap pixel is like a block and it is draw out or clear block by block. A raster i mage is also a collection of pixels but the image stored pixels in rows to make it easy to print. And raster image is resolution dependent. It cannot scale up to an arbitrary resolution without loss of apparent quality. This is overcome by the vector image. sender image is made up of numerous individual, scalable objects. These objects are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so it always render at the highest quality. There are many attributes in vector like color, fill and outline. The attributes can be changed without destroying the basic object.Metafile is a combination of raster and vector graphics, and can have the characteristics of both image types. However, if you create a metafile with raster and vector and enlarge it, the area of raster format will lose some resolution while the vector formatted area remains sharp and clear.If we have lost an image file, before doing anything, we should be familiar with the data patterns of known image file types. Then t he recovery process starts. The first step in recovery is to recover fragments file from slack space and free space. The fragment file can locate the header data that is part overwritten. So, we use Drivespy to identify possible unallocated data sets that contain the full or partial image header values.To locate and recover the image header, we need to know the absolute starting cluster and ending cluster. If not, we could collect the wrong data. Using Drivespy, we can know started cluster number and file size of image that we indispensableness to recover. To know the exact ending cluster, add the total number of clusters assigned to the starting cluster position. As we have known the size of image file, we can calculate the total number of clusters. Then, we can locate the image file and retrieve image header.After we get the header value, open the file with Microsoft picture show Viewer. If the file has been opened successfully, then recovery of image file has been completed. I f not, we need to use the Hex Workshop to examine the header of the file.Task 5Report for Investigation that prove Naomis innocenceBefore we begin tracing an email, we should know which email is illegal and what constitutes an email crime. Illegal email includes selling narcotics, extortion, sexual harassment, stalking, fraud, shaver abductions, and child pornography.As Jazebel has received an unquiet email, so we need to access the victim computer and copy and print the worthless email to recover the evidence contained in the email. Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express or any other GUI email programs supports for copying the email from inbox to the place that we want to by dragging the message to the storage place. When copying email, the header of the email must be included as it contains unique identifying numbers, such as IP call off of the server that sent the message. This helps us when tracing the email.After copy and printing the message, we should retrieve the email heade r to get the sender IP address. Right click on the message and choose message options to retrieve the email header. The following shows the header information that retrieved from the mail of the victim computer.At line 1(10.140.200.11) shows the IP address of the server send the e-mail, and provides a date and time that the anger e-mails was sent. Although when we see at line 5, the victim is seemed to be Jezebel, however, line 1 identifies that the e-mail that is sent from the IP address (10.140.200.11) is the same as the victims computer IP address. So, we can conclude that Naomi does not include in sending offensive e-mail. She is innocence and the victim, Jezebel himself, is the one who send the offensive e-mails.ReferencesComputer Forensics Textbookhttp//www.computerforensicsworld.com/index.phphttp//www.crime-research.org/library/Forensics.htmhttp//ixbtlabs.com/articles/ntfs/www.wikipedia.comComputer Forensics Investigation and TechniquesComputer Forensics Investigation and Te chniquesIntroductionI am the student of International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies (IADCS). In this course, I have to do Compute Forensic assignment. The assignment title is Didsbury Mobile Entertainments LTD. This assignment helps me understanding computer forensics investigation and techniquesBefore this assignment, although I am interested in computer forensic, I am hardly used computer forensics toolkit or done any investigation. Because of this assignment, I have learnt many techniques how to investigate computer and done it practically. So, by doing this assignment, I have gained in practical and much valuable knowledge in Computer Forensics.nd a heartfelt thanks to all the people in Myanma Computer Company Ltd. for their warmly welcome during the period of the IADCS course and this assignment developed.Task 1i) ReportDIDSBURY MOBILE ENTERTAINMENTS LTDNo(5), Duku place, Singapore Jan 10, 2010IntroductionComputer forensics involves obtaining and analyzing digital inform ation for figuring out what happened, when it happened, how it happened and who was involved. What is more, it is use as evidence in civil, criminal, or administrative cases.Reasons for a need for computer forensic investigationComputer forensics investigation can recover thousands of deleted mails, can know when the user log into the system and what he does, can determine the motivation and intent of the user, can search keywords in a hard drive in different languages and can gain evidence against an employee that an organization wished to terminate. For these reasons, in order to know whether Jalitha has been spending her time on her friend business or not, we need a computer forensic investigation.Steps to pursue the investigationIn order to pursue the investigation, I would take the following steps1) Secure the computer system to ensure that the equipment and data are safe2) Find every file on the computer system, including files that are encrypted, protected by passwords, hidde n or deleted, but not yet overwritten.3) Copy all files and work on this copy files as accessing a file can alter its original value4) Start a detailed journal with the date and time and date/information discovered5) Collect email, DNS, and other network service logs6) Analyze with various computer forensics tools and software7) Print out an overall analysis8) Evaluating the information/data recovered to determine the caseConclusionAfter we know the reasons and steps for investigation, then we should move on to conduct the investigation. However, we should note that the first step of investigation is critical as if the system is not secure, then the evidence or data we found may not be admissible.ii a) Report for The procedures to make sure the evidence holds up in courtDIDSBURY MOBILE ENTERTAINMENTS LTDNo(5), Duku place, SingaporeJan 12, 2010IntroductionEvidence is any physical or electronic information (such as computer log files, data, reports, hardware, disk image, etc) that is collected during a computer forensic investigation. The purpose of gathering evidence is to help determine the source of the attack, and to introduce the evidence as testimony in a court of law.Procedures to make sure the evidence holds up in courtIn order to make the evidence admissible in court, we need to follow the following steps1) Before any evidence can be gathered, a warrant must be issued so that forensic specialist has the legal authority to seize, copy and examine the data2) Have the responsibility to ensure that the law and the principles we used are met3) Evidence must be obtained in a manner which ensures the authenticity and validity and that no tampering had taken place4) Tracking the chain of custody is essential for preparing evidence as it shows the evidence was collected from the system in question, and was stored and managed without alteration.5) Extracted/ relevant evidence is properly handled and protected from later mechanical or electromagnetic damage6) Pre venting viruses from being introduced to a computer during the analysis process7) To ensure that original evidence must be described in complete details to present reliable evidence on the court8) Must arrange to answer reliability questions relating to the software we have usedConclusionIn gathering evidence, authenticity, reliability and chain of custody are important aspects to be considered. By following the above steps, we are proper in handling the evidence holds up in court.ii b) Evidence formDidsbury Mobile Entertainments LtdIT DepartmentComputer InvestigationCase No.005Investigation OrganizationGold StarInvestigatorWin Pa Pa AyeNature of CaseCompanys policy violation caseLocation where evidence was obtainedOn suspects office deskDescription of evidenceVendor NameModel No./ Serial No.Item 1One CDSonyItem 2A 4GB flash memory deviceKingston05360-374.A00LFItem 3Evidence Recovered byWin Pa Pa AyeDate Time10.12.20091000 AMEvidence Placed in LockerE2419Date Time15.12.20091100 A MItem Evidence Processed byDescription of EvidenceDate/ Time1Win Pa Pa AyeFully recovered deleted email on the drive which is sent to Radasas company, including data exchange between the businesses.13.12.2009300 PM2Win Pa Pa AyeEncrypted document hidden inside a bitmap file. Decrypted and saved on another media.18.12.2009900 AM3Win Pa Pa AyePassword-protected document covering the exchange of information with her friend. Password cracked and file saved on another media.22.12.2009200 PMTask 2Report for the way the data is stored, boot tasks and start up tasks for Windows and Linux systemsTo effectively investigate computer evidence, we must understand how the most popular operating systems work in general and how they store files in particular. The type of file system an operating system uses determines how data is stored on the disk. The file system is the general name given to the logical structures and software routines used to control access to the storage on a hard disk system a nd it is usually related to an operating system. To know the way the data is stored in Windows XP and Linux, we need to get into file systems of Windows and Linux.The way the data is stored in Windows XPIn Windows XP, although it supports several different file systems, NTFS is the primary file system for Windows XP. So, we will have a look in NTFS as the NTFS system offers better performance and features than a FAT16 and FAT 32 system.NTFS divides all useful places into clusters and supports almost all sizes of clusters from 512 bytes up to 64 Kbytes. And NTFS disk is symbolically divided into two parts MFT (Master File Table) area and files storage area. The MFT consumes about 12% of the disk and contains information about all files located on the disk. This includes the system file used by the operating system. MFT is divided into records of the fixed size (usually 1 Kbytes), and each record corresponds to some file. Records within the MFT are referred to as meta-data and the f irst 16 records are reserved for system files. For reliability, the first three records of MFT file is copied and stored exactly in the middle of the disk and the remaining can be stored anyplace of the disk. The remaining 88% of disk space is for file storage. Below is the partition structure of NTFS system.After we know the file system of Windows XP, then we will move on to the file system of Linux.The way the data is stored in LinuxWhen it comes to Linux file system, ext2 has been the default file system as it main advantages is its speed and extremely robust. However, there is a risk of data loss when sudden crashes occur and take long time to recover. Sometimes the recovery may also end up with corrupt files. By using the advantage of ext2 and add some data loss protection and recovery speed led to the development of journaling file system ext3 and ReiserFs. Though ext2, ext3 and ReiserFs are the most popular file system, there are also some other file system used in the Linux world such as JSF and XFS.As Linux views all file systems from the perspective of a common set of objects, there are four objects superblock, inode, dentry and file. The superblock is a structure that represents a file system which includes vital information about the system. Moreover, it includes the file system name (such as ext2), the size of the file system and its state, a reference to the block device, and meta-data information. It also keeps track of all the nodes. Linux keeps multiple copies of the superblock in various locations on the disk to prevent losing such vital information.Every object that is managed within a file system (file or directory) is represented in Linux as an inode. The inode contains all the meta-data to manage objects in the file system. Another set of structures, called dentries, is used to translate between names and inodes, for which a directory cache exists to keep the most-recently used around. The dentry also maintains relationships between dir ectories and files for traversing file systems. Finally, a VFS (Virtual file system) file represents an open file (keeps state for the open file such as the write offset, and so on).While the majority of the file system code exists in the kernel (except for user-space file systems), (2.3) shows the Linux file system from the point of view of high-level architecture and the relationships between the major file system-related components in both user space and the kernel.The boot task and start up task of Windows XPA good understanding of what happens to disk data at startup is also an important aspect as accessing to a computer system after it was used for illicit reasons can alter the disk evidence. First, we will discuss about the Windows XP startup and boot process, and then shift into the startup and boot process of Linux.Like any other PC system, Windows XP startup by running the POST test, performing an initialization of its intelligent system devices, and performing a system bo ot process. The boot process begins when the BIOS starts looking through the system for a master boot record (MBR). This record can reside on drive C or at any other location in the system. When the BIOS execute the master boot record on the hard drive, the MBR examines the disks partition table to locate the active partition. The boot process then moves to the boot sector of that partition located in the first sector of the active partition. There, it finds the code to begin loading the Secondary Bootstrap Loader from the root directory of the boot drive.In NTFS partition, the bootstrap loader is named NTLDR and is responsible for loading XP operation system into memory. When the system is powered on, NTLDR reads the Boot.ini file. If boot.ini contains more than one operating system entry, a boot menu is displayed to the user, allowing the user to choose which operating system is to be loaded. Fig (2.4) shows Boot.ini contains two operating systems and allows user to choose.After t he user has selected the desired mode to boot to, NTLDR runs Ntoskrnl.exe and reads Bootvid.dll, Hal.dll and the startup device drivers. After the file system driver has loaded, control is then passed from NTLDR to the kernel. At this time, Windows XP display Windows logo.Virtually, all applications we installed using the default installation decide that they should start up when windows starts. Under Startup tab in the system configuration utility, a list of programs that run when our system boots is listed. Fig (2.6) shows the listed program when our system boots.The boot task and start up task of LinuxAfter we have get into the start up process of Windows XP, we will then shift into the startup process of Linux. In Linux, the flow of control during a boot is also from BIOS, to boot loader, to kernel. When you turn on the power, the BIOS perform hardware-platform specific startup tasks. Once the hardware is recognized and started correctly, the BIOS loads and executes the partitio n boot code from the designated boot device, which contains Linux boot loader.Linux Loader (LILO) is the Linux utility that initiates the boot process, which usually runs from the disks MBR. LILO is a boot manager that allows you to start Linux or other operating systems, including Windows. If a system has two or more operating systems, LILO gives a prompt asking which operating system the user wishes to initialize.When the user chooses the boot option, it then loads the choosing operating system into memory. The boot program, in turn, reads the kernel into memory. When the kernel is loaded, the boot program transfers control of the boot process to the kernel. The kernel then performs the majority of system setup (memory management, device initialization) before spawning separately, the idle process and scheduler and the init process which is executed in user space. The scheduler takes control of the system management. The init process executes scripts as needed that set up all non- operating system services and structures in order to allow a user environment to be created, and then presents the user with a login screen.We have described about the way the data stored, the boot task and startup task of Windows XP and Linux. After a thorough study of these areas, we can acquire or handle the evidence properly.Task 3a) Features comparison of EnCase, Access Datas Forensic and ProDiscoverFeatures of Guidance EnCase Forensic* In courts worldwide, forensically acquire data in a sound manner using software with an unparallel record* Using a single tool and investigate and analyze multiple platforms* With prebuilt EnScript modules such as initialized Case and Event Log analysis, it can automate complex and routine tasks, so it save time in analyzing* Find information despite efforts to hide, cloak or delete* Can easily handle large volumes of computer evidence, view all relevant files that includes deleted files, file slack and unallocated space* Directly transfer evide nce files to law enforcement or legal representatives as necessary* Include review options that allow non-investigators to review evidence easily* Include report options that enable quick report preparationFeatures of Access Datas Forensic Toolkit* Provides integrated solution that is no need to purchase multiple tools to complete a case.* Provides integrated database that avoid application crashes, lost work and product instability.* Identify encrypted files automatically from more than 80 applications and crack those files.* Supports international language that allows us easily search and view foreign-language data in our native format* Include email analysis that can recover and analyze a wide range of email and web mail formats* Can generate different industry-standard report formats quickly and concisely* Collect key information from the registry that include user information, date of application installed, hardware, time zone and recently used information* While processing tak es place, we can view and analyze dataFeatures of ProDiscover* To keep original evidence safe, it create bit-stream copy of disk for analyzing that includes hidden HPA section* For complete disk forensic analysis, it search files or entire disk including slack space, HPA section and Windows NT/2000/XP alternate data streams* Without alter data on the disk, it can preview all files including metadata and hidden or deleted files* Support for VMware to run a captured image.* In order to ensure nothing is hidden, it examine data at the file or cluster level* To prove data integrity, it can generate and record MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 hashes automatically.* Examine FAT12, FAT16, FAT 32 and all NTFS file systems including Dynamic Disk and Software RAID for maximum flexibility.* Examine Sun Solaris UFS file system and Linux ext2 / ext3 file systems.* Integrated thumbnail graphics, internet history, event log file, and registry viewers to facilitate investigation process.* Integrated viewer to examine .pst /.ost and .dbx e-mail files.* Utilize Perl scripts to automate investigation tasks.* Extracts EXIF information from JPEG files to identify file creators.* Automated report generation in XML format saves time, improves accuracy and compatibility.* GUI interface and integrated help function assure quick start and ease of use.* Designed to NIST Disk Imaging Tool Specification 3.1.6 to insure high quality.AccessData FTK v2.0Guidance EnCase Forensic 6.0ProDiscover ForensicReport for Choosing Access Datas Forensic ToolkitI think Access Datas Forensic Toolkit is the most beneficial for our lab as it provides more forensic examination features than Encase and ProDiscover. In the evidence aspects, Access Data can acquire files and folders than others. So, it can be a powerful tool when we analyze files for evidence. Moreover, it uses database to support large volume of data that can avoid application crashes, lost work and product instability for our lab.As Access Data is a GUI- based utility that can run in Windows XP, 2000, Me, or 9x operating system and it demo version has most of the same features as full-licensed version, use multi-threading to optimize CPU usage, has task scheduler to optimize time and can view and analyze data while processing takes place, it meets the requirements of our lab. What is more, it supports international language so we can retrieve data no matter which languages they are using.On top of that, it is powerful in searching, recovery, email and graphic analysis. Because of these reasons and by viewing the above forensic tools comparison chart, I can conclude that Access Datas Forensic Toolkit is the most beneficial for our lab.b) Forensic AnalysisReport for Analyzing FAT32, NTFS and CDFS file system Using Access Datas FTKTask 4a) MD5 hash values of bmp, doc, xls filesAll hash values generated by the MD5 before modification is not the same with the hash value generated after modification.b) Why hash values are same or differen tA hash value is a numeric value of a fixed length that uniquely identifies data. Data can be compared to a hash value to determine its integrity. Data is hashed and the hash value is stored. At a later time or after the data has been received from mail, the data is hashed again and compared to the stored hash or the hash value it was sent to determine whether the data was altered.In order to compare the hash values, the original hashed data must be encrypted or kept secret from all untrusted parties. When it compared, if the compared hashed values are the same, then the data has not been altered. If the file has been modified or corrupted, the MD5 produces different hash values.In task 4 (a), first we created a doc file with data in this file, then we generated hash values of doc file with MD5. The hash value of info.doc file is da5fd802f47c9b5bbdced35b9a1202e6. After that, we made a modification to that info.doc file and regenerate the hash values. The hash value after modifying i s 01f8badd9846f32a79a5055bfe98adeb. The hash value is completely different after modifying.Then we created a cv.xls file and generated the hash value. Before modifying, the hash value is ef9bbfeec4d8e455b749447377a5e84f. After that we add one record to cv.xls file and regenerated hash values. After modifying, ccfee18e1e713cdd2fcf565298928673 hash value is produced. The hash value changed in cv.xls file after data altered.Furthermore, we created fruit.bmp file to compare the hash value before and after modification. The hash value before modifying is 8d06bdfe03df83bb3942ce71daca3888 and after modifying is 667d82f0545f0d187dfa0227ea2c7ff6. So, the hash values comparison of bmp files is completely different after data has been modified.When we encrypted the text file into each image file, the text file is not visible in the image viewing utility and each image file is like its original image file. However, the comparison of the hash values of each image file before and after inserting short messages is completely different. As each image file has been altered by inserting short message, the regenerated hash value is totally different from the original hash values.On top of that, the original image file size has been changed after inserting short messages. The raster image file has slightly increased its file size after it has been modified. The raster image file size is increased from 50.5 KB to 50.7 KB. However, of the remaining three, two image files vector and metafile have decreased its file size a little sharply. The original file size of vector is 266 KB and has been decreased to 200 KB after modified. The metafile also decreased from 313 KB to 156 KB. Only the bitmap is remains stable as its file size does not increase or decrease.In a nut shell, we can conclude that the hash value would change if the file has been modified. However, depending on the file format, the file size can increase, decrease or remain stable.d) Report for differences of bitmap, ras ter, vector and metafileA bitmap image is a computer file and it is collected with dots or pixels that form an image. The pixel of bitmap is stored like a grid, tiny square. When we use the paint program, we can see the bitmap pixel is like a block and it is draw or clear block by block. A raster image is also a collection of pixels but the image stored pixels in rows to make it easy to print. And raster image is resolution dependent. It cannot scale up to an arbitrary resolution without loss of apparent quality. This is overcome by the vector image.Vector image is made up of many individual, scalable objects. These objects are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so it always render at the highest quality. There are many attributes in vector like color, fill and outline. The attributes can be changed without destroying the basic object.Metafile is a combination of raster and vector graphics, and can have the characteristics of both image types. However, if you crea te a metafile with raster and vector and enlarge it, the area of raster format will lose some resolution while the vector formatted area remains sharp and clear.If we have lost an image file, before doing anything, we should be familiar with the data patterns of known image file types. Then the recovery process starts. The first step in recovery is to recover fragments file from slack space and free space. The fragment file can locate the header data that is partially overwritten. So, we use Drivespy to identify possible unallocated data sets that contain the full or partial image header values.To locate and recover the image header, we need to know the absolute starting cluster and ending cluster. If not, we could collect the wrong data. Using Drivespy, we can know started cluster number and file size of image that we want to recover. To know the exact ending cluster, add the total number of clusters assigned to the starting cluster position. As we have known the size of image file , we can calculate the total number of clusters. Then, we can locate the image file and retrieve image header.After we get the header value, open the file with Microsoft Photo Viewer. If the file has been opened successfully, then recovery of image file has been completed. If not, we need to use the Hex Workshop to examine the header of the file.Task 5Report for Investigation that prove Naomis innocenceBefore we begin tracing an email, we should know which email is illegal and what constitutes an email crime. Illegal email includes selling narcotics, extortion, sexual harassment, stalking, fraud, child abductions, and child pornography.As Jazebel has received an offensive email, so we need to access the victim computer and copy and print the offensive email to recover the evidence contained in the email. Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express or any other GUI email programs supports for copying the email from inbox to the place that we want to by dragging the message to the storage plac e. When copying email, the header of the email must be included as it contains unique identifying numbers, such as IP address of the server that sent the message. This helps us when tracing the email.After copy and printing the message, we should retrieve the email header to get the sender IP address. Right click on the message and choose message options to retrieve the email header. The following shows the header information that retrieved from the mail of the victim computer.At line 1(10.140.200.11) shows the IP address of the server sending the e-mail, and provides a date and time that the offending e-mails was sent. Although when we see at line 5, the victim is seemed to be Jezebel, however, line 1 identifies that the e-mail that is sent from the IP address (10.140.200.11) is the same as the victims computer IP address. So, we can conclude that Naomi does not include in sending offensive e-mail. She is innocence and the victim, Jezebel himself, is the one who send the offensive e-mails.ReferencesComputer Forensics Textbookhttp//www.computerforensicsworld.com/index.phphttp//www.crime-research.org/library/Forensics.htmhttp//ixbtlabs.com/articles/ntfs/www.wikipedia.com

Alaina, A Career Counseling Study Essay -- Career Counseling Case Stud

Issues and Problem FocusThe key problems and needs which Aliana should address is why the other moves she choose before have non made her happy. She has tired her hand at English and Education in her past careers. I would question why she chose these careers to begin with. I would also seek why she has never used her minor in Journalism in her career and if she would like to put effort into that career path. In using the O*NET Interest Profiler we send word explore why she might have chosen these careers and what careers she should really explore based on her scores. Alaina has chronic depression which commode affect how she feels from day to day. Her medication helps keep her moods stable, but she is not able to have real joy about anything. This can affect how she views in occupations and how she performs in that job. This can also affect the counseling relationship in the way that the counselor will have a difficult time trying to standard of measurement if she likes the car eer choices that have been chosen and if the counselor is going in the right direction for this client. Her mood disorder can crate career indecision that makes her inefficient to commit to a specific career. To address the career indecision she is feeling I will be using techniques common to career development and life-planning interventions such as facilitating the discovery of skills, interests, abilities, and values and teaching the client goal setting, world- of work information, and, again, decision making skills (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012, P.408), In using the O*NET Interest Profiler we can gain information that can sooth of that indecisiveness by showing her careers she could like based on what she likes and has knowledge of. Her chronic depression could limit the typ... ...e her obstacles, feelings, and influence in her career selection. In doing so I can see her scores and how they are used on a profile sheet in career adaption. I would present these results to the cli ent to show how she adapts to a career and how this influences her selections. Works CitedCapuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Career counseling Foundations, perspectives, and applications. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA Pearson EducationMaze, M. (2010, March 01). ACA advocacy competencies A societal justice framework for counselors Career Convergence Magazine, Retrieved on April 5th, 2014, from http//www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/27983/_PARENT/layout_details_cc/falsePatton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods.(3rd ed).Thousand Oaks, Califorinia Sage Publications, Inc . Retrieved on May 10th, 2014, From http//books.google.com

Personal Narrative: A Very Bad Day Essay -- essays research papers

I was born in a country that is mostly live with poor people. I lived in a area where my sorrounding was blocked by concrete buildings. It happened when I was only seven years old. I was liveness in a community where everyone knew each others. I started my day waking up late from my bed. I thought I was getting late for my school, but as soon as I woke up, I heard some of my local friends playing outside. I looked up at the clock and it was one thirty p.m. I asked my mom, what day is it? and she said, its friday. Friday is the countrys national holiday, so for me that means no school, no study. I looked up in the sky and saw big dark fluffy clouds connection together. I thought it was going to be a rainy day. I waited two hours inside my admit for the rain to come down, but it never rained. At five p.m. I went outside to play with my friends. I played two hours with my friends and after that the day became dusk. I came back home at seven p.m. and cancelled my life into a nightma re. First, I came back home, took warm shower, and got dressed. Then, I went to the donjon room to watch television. While watching television, I ate my supper in the living room, while my mom was reading her local newspaper sitting on the sofa. My moms best friend was our next door neighbor. My moms best friend c tot eachyed my mom to her residence to have some private conversation. When my mom left, I got too cancelled on(p) because that time I was suppose to study at home and finish all my homework before the bedtime, even though Friday meant no school. Usually that does not always stay the same when my mom is at home. My private teacher lived office next to our house. When my mom stays at work, my teacher used to sneak on me, just to see if I was studying or playi... ...does not go what to do with me. Fortunately, practiced at that moment my uncle, who lives in a rural area, came in the city on a bus. He spotted the police and therefore he spotted me on a rickshaw. My uncle did not shaft that I was lost. When my uncle called my name i looked behind and saw him running towards me. I was very sick to see him and the police explained everything to my uncle. The police whence followed me into my house along with my uncle. The police told everything to my mom about the incident. My mom was pleased with his service, so she gave him one thousand taka (seventeen dollars) and a cold Sprite just for his comfort. In conclusion, if my uncle was not present on time on that day, I would probably never see my family again. I conditioned a value lesson that it was a bad idea to follow some one and not letting that person know that I was following him/her. private Narrative A Very Bad Day Essay -- essays research papersI was born in a country that is mostly dwell with poor people. I lived in a area where my sorrounding was blocked by concrete buildings. It happened when I was only seven years old. I was living in a community where everyone k new each others. I started my day waking up late from my bed. I thought I was getting late for my school, but as soon as I woke up, I heard some of my local friends playing outside. I looked up at the clock and it was one thirty p.m. I asked my mom, what day is it? and she said, its friday. Friday is the countrys national holiday, so for me that means no school, no study. I looked up in the sky and saw big dark fluffy clouds joining together. I thought it was going to be a rainy day. I waited two hours inside my house for the rain to come down, but it never rained. At five p.m. I went outside to play with my friends. I played two hours with my friends and after that the day became dusk. I came back home at seven p.m. and turned my life into a nightmare. First, I came back home, took warm shower, and got dressed. Then, I went to the living room to watch television. While watching television, I ate my supper in the living room, while my mom was reading her local newspaper sitting on the sofa. My moms best friend was our next door neighbor. My moms best friend called my mom to her house to have some private conversation. When my mom left, I got too excited because that time I was suppose to study at home and finish all my homework before the bedtime, even though Friday meant no school. Usually that does not always stay the same when my mom is at home. My private teacher lived right next to our house. When my mom stays at work, my teacher used to sneak on me, just to see if I was studying or playi... ...does not know what to do with me. Fortunately, right at that moment my uncle, who lives in a rural area, came in the city on a bus. He spotted the police and then he spotted me on a rickshaw. My uncle did not know that I was lost. When my uncle called my name i looked behind and saw him running towards me. I was very excited to see him and the police explained everything to my uncle. The police then followed me into my house along with my uncle. The police told e verything to my mom about the incident. My mom was pleased with his service, so she gave him one thousand taka (seventeen dollars) and a cold Sprite just for his comfort. In conclusion, if my uncle was not present on time on that day, I would probably never see my family again. I well-read a value lesson that it was a bad idea to follow some one and not letting that person know that I was following him/her.