Psychological Approach – Wuthering Heights

According to Freud, there are three different kinds of affable processes that result in three kinds of personalities. These are Id, Ego and Superego. These three separate in Freuds model of the top dog help explain psychological maturity and development. In Emily Brontes novel Wuthering Heights, Catherine symbolizes the impressionable ego and was pulled amongst Heathcliff, which represents the id, and Edgar, which represents superego. Her struggle amid these two opposing forces and inability to choose between them is what ultimately lead her into delirium.The id in Freuds model of the psyche is tie in to the mans instinctive attitude and desires. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, people seek to meet their physiological and safety needs before moving on to fulfill their desire for cognise and belonging. As a child, Heathcliff was far much occupied with trying to survive on the streets of Liverpool than excited development. After being taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, and t hus freed from these more basic desires, Heathcliff was allowed cultivate these feelings of love and belonging in Catherine.Conversely, because of Hindleys abusiveness, in particular in the wake of the death of their father, Catherine had to turn to Heathcliff to fulfill her desire for love and belonging. Perpetually, Heathcliff became representative of the fulfillment of these desires to Catherine. On the other hand, the superego is representative of society and focuses on match, proper behavior, and goodness. Obviously, Edgar is the archetypal example of this idea. As the Linton siblings were born into privilege, both Edgar and Isabella had their physiological and safety needs fulfilled very early on.They were raised to be sophisticated, independent, and developed members of society. During her support at Thrushcross Grange, Catherine recognized these more developed traits in Edgar, and instinctively tried to gravitate towards developing her own superego in his presence. This w as demonstrate in Catherines desire to become more womanlike and cultured and her subsequent transformation at her return five weeks later from her stay at Thrushcross. Thus, as the result of her development of her id with Heathcliff and uperego with Edgar, Catherine is heavily entwined in her relationships between both of these characters. The ego of Freuds model aims to keep a proportion by negotiating with the id and pleasing the superego, and Catherine is the prime example of this as she tried to balance her life between Heathcliff and Edgar. Though Catherine intuitively gravitated to Edgar because of his more advanced psyche, she couldnt bear to leave Heathcliff, whom she believes is more representative of herself.In fact, both Heathcliff and Catherine grew to be so emotionally intertwined that Catherine professed to Nelly, I am Heathcliff, indicating that she put much more subjection and significance in her relationship with Heathcliff over Edgar. Therefore, this pull in h er psyche between what she should be drawn to and what she actually desires is what ultimately makes Catherine spiral mass into madness. Though there were other factors to take into consideration that lead to Catherines descent into insanity, ultimately it is her ambivalence between her id (Heathcliff) and superego (Edgar) that pulls her into two.